19 Leadership Style And When to Use it

a. Understanding Leadership

Literally it means the leadership is leadership or properties, the capacity and ability of the person in the lead. The meaning of leadership itself is extensive and varies based on scientists who explain it. According to Charteris-Black (2007), the definition of leadership is "leadership is a process whereby an individual influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal". Leadership is the nature and value of owned by a leader. An attribute theory of leadership has evolved since tens of years ago and it's been a lot of different references in the form of a wide range of about this topic that results from various studies. The function of leadership within an organization or group is very important because the function kepemimpinanlah an organization can achieve the goal through the way and the right way. Understand well the concept of leadership is very helpful person and organization work more effective and efficient in achieving the objectives and the desired condition.

The concept of leadership divisions in various aspects has been done by many researchers and experts. Division leadership style that most basic and underlying the development of the classification of the leadership to date is based on the results of the research of Lewin (1939). He split the leadership style into 3 main categories, namely autocratic leadership, democratic leadership, and delegative leadership. Each of these has a characteristic kategorie and characteristic that distinguishes between one another.

Some experts on leadership contains

understanding and meanings are the same. Among other things, expressed by:

1. Sutarto

Leadership is the ability of the form setup activities

influence the behavior of others in certain situations so willing

working together to achieve the goals that have been set.

2. Sondang p. Siagian

Leadership is an activity affects the others in order to

implement the work jointly towards a particular goal.

3. Ordway Tead

Leadership is influence those activities to

working together to achieve the desired goals.

4. George Terry

Leadership is the close relationship exists within a person or

leaders, influencing others to cooperate in

aware of the task in relations to achieve the desires of leaders.

5. Franklin g. Mooore

Leadership is the ability to make people act

in accordance with the wishes of the leaders

b. Leadership styles

1. Autocratic leadership style

This style is sometimes said to be self centered on leadership leaders or style directive. This style is characterized by a very large number of clues comes from the leader and very limited even completely lack the role as well as servants in planning and decision making. Leaders unilaterally determine the role as well as what, how, when, and where the various tasks should be carried out. The standout in this style is the grant command.

A leader is someone who is autocratic rule and requires compliance. He ruled based on their ability to give gifts as well as judgement. Autocratic leadership style is the ability to affect others that are willing to work together to achieve the objectives that have been determined by way of all activities to be performed solely decided by the Chairman.

As for the characteristics of the autocratic leadership style is as follows:

• Absolute Authority centered on the leader

• Decisions are always made by the leader;

• The policy is always made by the leader;

• Communication takes place in one direction from the direction to subordinates;

• Surveillance against the attitude, behavior, deeds or activities of his subordinates carried out the strictly;

• There is no opportunity for subordinates to give advice or opinion consideration;

• More criticism than praise, achievements and demanding loyalty from subordinates without conditions, and tend to the existence of coercion, threat, and punishment.

2. Democratic leadership style

The democratic leadership style is the ability to affect others that are willing to work together to achieve the goals that have been set by way of a variety of activities to be performed are determined together between leadership and subordinate.

This style is sometimes also called a leadership style that centered on the servants, leadership with kesederajatan, consultative or participative leadership. The leader of the kerkonsultasi with the servants to formulate a course of action decision together.

As for the characteristics as follows:

a. leaders Authority is not absolute;

b. Leadership willing to grant some authority to subordinates;

c. Decisions and policies made together between leadership and subordinate;

d. Communication takes place in mutual, both of which occurred between the President and a subordinate or fellow subordinates;

e. Surveillance against the attitude, behavior, deeds or activities of the subordinates conducted reasonably;

f. the initiative can come from the leadership nor the subordinate;

g. many opportunities for subordinates to convey suggestions, considerations or opinions; Tasks to subordinates are given with more demand than instruction;

h. the leadership pays attention to in being and acting, the existence of mutual trust, mutual respect.

3. Leadership styles Delegatif

The leadership style of delegatif is characterised by a lack of leader gives directives, the decision was left to subordinates, and expected member organization can solve the problem alone (MacGrefor, 2004). Leadership style is a typical behavior of a leader in carrying out his duties as a leader. Thus the leadership style of a leader was strongly influenced by his personal character. Delegatif leadership is a leadership style that is done by the leadership to his subordinates who have the ability, to be able to run its activities for a while can not be done by the leadership with a variety of reasons. The leadership style of delegatif is particularly suitable if the staff possessed has the ability and the motivation is high. Thus the leadership of not too many give instructions to his subordinates, even more leaders giving support to his subordinates.

4. Bureaucratic leadership style

This style can be inscribed with the phrase "lead based on regulation". Leader behavior characterized by the tightness of the implementation procedures that apply to the leader and his men. Bureaucratic leaders generally make decisions based on the existing rules rigidly in the absence of flexibility. Almost all activities centered on the leadership and few other people's freedom to create and Act, then it should not be separated from the existing provisions.

As for the characteristics of the bureaucratic leadership style is as follows:

a. Leadership determine all decisions related to the entire work and ordered all subordinates to execute it;

b. Leaders determine how subordinates do all the standard tasks;

c. existence of a clear sanctions if a subordinate not to perform tasks in accordance with predetermined performance standards.

5. Laissez Faire leadership style

This style encourages the ability of members to take the initiative. Less interaction and controls carried out by the leader, so this style only bias runs when subordinates showed the level of competence and confidence in pursuing the goals and objectives are pretty high.

In this leadership style, the leader of very little use of his power or totally let his men to do as his heart. As for the distinctive style of the Laissez Faire leadership is as follows:

• Subordinates are given leeway or flexibility in carrying out tasks, but with caution given limitation as well as various producers;

• Subordinates who have successfully completed his duties provided gifts or awards, in addition to the existence of sanctions for those who are less successful, as encouragement;

• Relationships between superiors and subordinates in a good atmosphere in General Manager acted quite well;

• The Manager deliver the various regulations relating to tasks or commands, and vice versa the subordinates are given freedom to provide its revenue.

6. the Authoritarian leadership style/Authoritarian

Is a style leader who concentrates on policy and decisions taken of himself in full. Any division of tasks and responsibilities held by the authoritarian leaders, whereas the subordinate only carry out tasks that have been granted.

Type authoritarian leadership are usually oriented to the tasks. This means that the assignment given by an institution or an organization, then the wisdom of this institution will be projected in how he ruled to his subordinates, so that wisdom can be achieved with either. Here the subordinate is just a machine that can be driven in accordance with his own will, initiatives coming from subordinates at all never heeded.

7. Democratic/Democratic leadership style

The democratic leadership style is a style leader who authorized the widely to his subordinates. Every problem there is always included subordinate as a whole team. In a democratic leadership style leaders provide much information on the tasks and the responsibilities of his retainers.

The democratic leadership of the type is the type of leadership that refers to relationships. Here a leader always held a relationship with his. All the wisdom of the leaders will be the result of deliberation or will is a set of ideas that are constructive. The leader often drops down in order to get the information would also be useful to make a wisdom-wisdom.

8. Charismatic leadership style

The advantages of this charismatic leadership style is being able to attract people. They are fascinated with how passionate speeches are uplifting. Usually the leader with this personality style visionaris. They are very like the changes and challenges.

Perhaps, the biggest drawback to this model of leadership types can be analogikan with an empty Keg proverb Sonorous sound. They were able to attract people to come to them. After a while, people-people who come to this will be disappointed because of the lack of consistent-what is pronounced was not done. When asked was, the leader will give excuses, apologies, and promises.

9. Diplomatic leadership style

The advantages of this diplomatic leadership style exist in placement perspective. Many people often viewed from one side, i.e. the profit side of himself. The rest, viewed from the side the advantage his opponent. Only a leader with this white personality who could see both sides, clearly! What benefit her, and also profitable.

Patience and passivity is the weakness of the leaders with diplomatic style. Generally, they are very patient and willing to accept the pressure. But his patience it can be quite outrageous. They could receive treatment that does not menyengangkan, but his followers were not. And often it's what makes his followers leave the leader.

10. Authoritarian leadership style

The advantages of this model of authoritarian leadership is on the achievement of his achievements. None of the walls are capable of blocking the step leader. When he decided on a destination, it is a death, there is no reason, that there is a result. Step – step full calculation and systematic way. Cold and a little vicious is the weakness of the leaders with this red personality. They are very concerned with the objective that it never bothered by the way. Eat or be eaten is the principle of life.

11. Style Kepemiminan Moralis

The advantages of this kind of leadership style is generally Their warm and polite to everyone. They have a high empathy towards the problems his subordinates, as well as patient, generous all forms of virtue is inside this leader. People-people who come because of its own in spite of all its shortcomings. The downside of this kind of conduct is his emotions. Average people like this is very unstable, sometimes can seem sad and horrible, sometimes also can be very fun and friendly.

If I become leader, I would prefer a democratic leadership style. Because through leadership style as this problem can be solve by cooperation between superiors and subordinates. So the relationship of superiors and subordinates can be entwined with the good.

12. Administrative leadership style

This type of leadership style impressed less innovative and telalu rigid on rules. Her attitude is visible as well as Conservatives once afraid to take risks and they tend to seek out safe. Models of leadership like this if refers to the analysis of the changes that we have mentioned earlier, the only match on the situation of Continuation, the change Routine Saturday, as well as Limited change.

13. analytical leadership style (Analytical).

In this type of leadership style, usually based on the decision making process of analysis, especially the analysis of logic on any acquired information. This results-oriented style and emphasis on detailed plans as well as a prolific long term. The leadership of this model prioritizes logic by using approaches that make sense as well as quantitative.

14. Style kemimpinan asertif (Assertive).

This leadership style to its more aggressive and has a very big attention on controlling personal compared to other leadership styles. Asertif type leader more openly in conflict and criticism. Decision making process arises from arguments with some point of view so it appears a satisfactory conclusion.

15. Leadership style entrepreneur.

This leadership style is very attentive to the final result as well as power and less on giving priority to the need for cooperation. This model of leadership style biasannya always looking for competitors and target high standards.

16. Visionary leadership style

Visionary leadership, is a pattern of leadership that is aimed at giving the meaning in the work and efforts that need to be done jointly by the members of the company by way of giving direction and meaning to the work and effort that is done based on a clear vision. Visionary leadership requires specific competence. Visionary ruler should at least have four key competencies as expressed by Burt Nanus (1992), namely:

1. a visionary leader should have the ability to communicate effectively with managers and other employees in the organization. It requires leaders to make "guidance, encouragement, and motivation."

2. a visionary leaders must understand the external environment and have the ability to react appropriately for all the threats and opportunities. These include, the important plaing, can "relate skillfully" with key people outside the Organization, but play an important role against organizations (investors, and customers).

3. A leader must hold an important role in shaping and influencing organizational practices, procedures, products and services. A leader in this regard should be involved in the Organization in order to generate and sustain the excellence of service, in line with the preparing and guiding the Organization's path to the future (successfully achieved vision).

4. A visionary leader must have or develop "niche" to anticipate the future. This niche is an imaginative form of conveniences, which is based upon the ability of data to access the future needs of the consumer, technology, etc. This includes the ability to set the Organization's resources in order to face the emergence of self-memperiapkan needs and changes.

In an era of turbulence-like environment now, every leader must be ready and able to perform required transformations regardless on the leadership style of what their personal religious beliefs. The leader must be able to manage changes, including changing the cultural organiasi that are no longer conducive and productive. A leader must have a vision that sharp, clever managing diversity and encourage continued learning process because of the dynamics of environmental change as well as the increasingly tight competition.

17. Situational Leadership Styles

situational leadership is "a leadership contingency theory that focuses on followers readiness/maturity". The core of the theory of leadership situational leadership styles is that a leader will vary, depending on the level of readiness of his followers.

Understanding situational leadership theory on is about the absence of leadership style the best. Effective leadership is dependent on the relevance of the task, and almost all of the successful leader always adapt the appropriate leadership style.

The effectiveness of leadership is not just a question of the effect on individual and group but depend to the task, a job or function is needed overall. So leadership is situational approaches focus on the phenomenon of leadership in a unique situation.

From this perspective, a leader in order to be effective, he must be able to adapt his style against the demands of the changing situation. Situational Leadership theory is based on two fundamental concepts: the level of preparedness/kematanganindividu or group as a follower of dangaya leadership.

18. Leadership (model Traits of ledership)

Leadership at the early stages of trying to examine the individual tentangwatak that rub off on the leaders, such as: intelligence, honesty, maturity, assertiveness skills, speak, kesupelan in the outgoing, statussosial their economies and others (Stogdill, 1974 1960 Bass).

In general studies leadership at the early stages of trying to examine the character of the individual that rub off on the leaders, such as: intelligence, honesty, maturity, assertiveness skills, speak, kesupelan in hang out, their economic and social status etc. There are six categories of personal factors that differentiate between leaders and followers, namely capacity, achievement, responsibility, participation, status and situation. However many studies which show that the factors that distinguish between leaders and followers in one study were not consistent and not supported by the results of other studies. In addition, private character is not the dominant factor in determining the success of managerial performance leaders. Until 1950 's, more than 100 studies have been conducted to identify the character or personal traits required by a good leader, and from these studies revealed that the relationship between the characteristics of the character with leadership effectiveness, although positive, but very low levels of signifikasinya.

19. Militarist Leadership

Such a leader type is very similar to the type of authoritarian leader who is the type of leader who acts as dictator against the members of the group. As for the properties of the militarist leadership types are: (1) more using the system command/command, hard and very authoritarian, rigid and often tactless, (2) requires absolute obedience from subordinates, (3) highly enjoyed the pleasure of formality, ritual ceremonies and signs of greatness, (4) demands a hard and rigid discipline from his subordinates, (5) not willed suggestion, proposition, suggestion, and criticism-the criticism of his subordinates, (6) communication only takes place in line.

that's 19 Leadership Style And When to Use it